Cell Death Database

RNA Name: NOD2

Mechanism of Action: NOD2 drives innate immune signaling and autophagy in cancer

Effect on Cancer: Overexpression of NOD2 in breast cancer cell lines decreases proliferation, suggesting a tumor-suppressor role.

PMID: 32144252

RNA Name: LEP

Mechanism of Action: Leptin promotes autophagy in breast cancer microenvironment

Effect on Cancer: Leptin inducesautophagy to promote proliferation, migration, morphological changes, and ERK phosphorylation in triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells.

PMID: 33763424

RNA Name: SESN2

Mechanism of Action: Stress-inducible mTORC1 brake; SESN2 knockdown diminishes autophagy (?LC3-II, ?p62) in TNBC cells under betulinic acid treatment.

Effect on Cancer: Cytoprotective autophagy: SESN2 loss sensitizes MDA-MB-231 and HS578T TNBC cells to betulinic acid.

PMID: 36611970

RNA Name: VDAC1

Mechanism of Action: DYNLT1 stabilizes the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) by hindering E3 ligase Parkin-mediated VDAC1 ubiquitination and degradation.

Effect on Cancer: The protein DYNLT1 stabilizes VDAC1 by preventing Parkin-mediated degradation, enhancing mitochondrial metabolism and fueling tumor proliferation, especially in TNBC subtypes.

PMID: 37280526

RNA Name: OPTN

Mechanism of Action: Selective autophagy receptor (cargo adaptor); regulates degradation pathways and intersects with TGF-? signaling.

Effect on Cancer: OPTN limits metastasis in TNBC; loss of OPTN enhances metastatic behavior in cell and mouse models.

PMID: 36823950

RNA Name: DNM1L

Mechanism of Action: Mitochondrial fission GTPase; promotes mitophagy by enabling segregation of damaged mitochondria.

Effect on Cancer: ELK3�DRP1 axis determines chemosensitivity of TNBC; DRP1 activity linked to drug response.

PMID: 37422450

RNA Name: ATG13

Mechanism of Action: Core ULK1-complex subunit initiating autophagosome formation; release of miR-224-5p suppression increases ATG13/ULK1 axis activity.

Effect on Cancer: Exosomal circEGFR promotes ATG13/ULK1-driven autophagy to enhance malignant progression and metastasis in TNBC models.

PMID: 38280941

RNA Name: STUB1

Mechanism of Action: METTL3-mediated m6A modification increases STUB1 (CHIP), which inhibits autophagy in TNBC cells.

Effect on Cancer: Inhibition of autophagy via elevated STUB1 contributes to anti-tumor effects; modulation of STUB1 reduces TNBC cell growth.

PMID: 38823344

RNA Name: TFEB

Mechanism of Action: Master transcription factor driving autophagy�lysosome gene program; activated/nuclear TFEB elevates autophagic flux.

Effect on Cancer: TRIM25-mediated neddylation activates TFEB, inducing cytoprotective autophagy that desensitizes TNBC cells to paclitaxel.

PMID: 38926803

RNA Name: TSG101

Mechanism of Action: ESCRT-I component required for autophagosome maturation/closure and cargo sorting (context-dependent).

Effect on Cancer: Mammary tumors induced by Tsg101 loss display triple?negative phenotype; implicates TSG101 in TNBC biology.

PMID: 40624726