Cell Death Database

RNA Name: TRIM27

Mechanism of Action: E3 ligase TRIM27 ubiquitinates and destabilizes ULK1, inhibiting autophagy initiation.

Effect on Cancer: Promotes primary tumor growth in breast cancer models; evidence includes 4T1 (TNBC) systems.

PMID: 35670107

RNA Name: PIK3CA

Mechanism of Action: Encodes p110? catalytic subunit of PI3K; regulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling that suppresses autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: PIK3CA mutations alter PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling; inhibitors restore autophagy and sensitize TNBC to therapy.

PMID:

RNA Name: ATG7

Mechanism of Action: Core autophagy E1-like enzyme that mediates LC3/ATG8 lipidation (autophagosome formation).

Effect on Cancer: Higher ATG7 expression associates with better prognosis; ATG7 suppresses proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis in TNBC cells.

PMID: 30988371

RNA Name: TP53

Mechanism of Action: Loss of TP53 promotes autophagy and chemoresistance in TNBC

Effect on Cancer: Mutant TP53 enhances survival of TNBC cells via autophagy

PMID: 23650262

RNA Name: TBK1

Mechanism of Action: Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates autophagy receptors such as OPTN and regulates selective autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: TBK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and sensitizes TNBC cells to chemotherapy and targeted therapy (MDA-MB-231, xenografts).

PMID: 24449872

RNA Name: TBK1

Mechanism of Action: Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates autophagy receptors such as OPTN and regulates selective autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: TBK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and sensitizes TNBC cells to chemotherapy and targeted therapy (MDA-MB-231, xenografts).

PMID: 33454423

RNA Name: MAPK3

Mechanism of Action: K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ULK1

Effect on Cancer: MAPK3 (ERK1) signaling directly to autophagy regulation (specifically mitophagy via ULK1) and demonstrates its impact on breast cancer progression.

PMID: 33213267

RNA Name: BNIP3L

Mechanism of Action: Mitophagy receptor (NIX); mediates BNIP3L/NIX-dependent mitophagy.

Effect on Cancer: Exosomal ITGB4 from TNBC cells induces BNIP3L/NIX-dependent mitophagy in CAFs, promoting proliferation/EMT/invasion and tumor growth in co-transplantation models.

PMID: 31534187

RNA Name: GABARAP

Mechanism of Action: Member of Atg8 family; regulates autophagosome maturation and cargo recruitment.

Effect on Cancer: Upregulation of GABARAP enhances autophagy and promotes TNBC progression. Silencing reduces migration and invasion in vitro.

PMID: 33591943

RNA Name: STK11

Mechanism of Action: LKB1 regulates AMPK-mTOR-autophagy signaling in breast cancer

Effect on Cancer: Loss of STK11 promotes tumor growth through impaired autophagy in TNBC

PMID: 28696138