Cell Death Database

RNA Name: hsa-miR-25-3p

Mechanism of Action: Upregulation reduces autophagy by suppressing ULK1, leading to chemoresistance (reported in BC models).

Effect on Cancer: Reduced autophagy; increased chemoresistance in breast cancer models.

PMID:

RNA Name: HIF1A

Mechanism of Action: Hypoxia-activated HIF-1? transcriptionally induces BNIP3/NIX to promote mitophagy and hypoxia-induced autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: High HIF-1?/BNIP3-axis activity associates with aggressive TNBC biology; BNIP3 loss (with hypoxia/HIF-1? signaling) promotes TNBC progression and metastasis.

PMID: 26232272

RNA Name: BNIP3

Mechanism of Action: HIF-1?�induced mitophagy receptor; promotes BNIP3/NIX-dependent mitophagy and hypoxia-induced autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: BNIP3 loss promotes TNBC progression and metastasis under hypoxia; BNIP3 axis is clinically relevant in TNBC.

PMID: 26232272

RNA Name: HMOX1

Mechanism of Action: HMOX-1 confers chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, by preventing autophagy

Effect on Cancer: Enhancing the cytotoxicity and efficacy of doxorubicin during the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID: 26722274

RNA Name: WAC

Mechanism of Action: its depletion in human cells has been shown to induce autophagy

Effect on Cancer: Downregulation of circWAC can increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to paclitaxel (PTX) in vitro and in vivo.

PMID: 33648498

RNA Name: ATG5

Mechanism of Action: Core autophagy-related protein essential for autophagosome elongation.

Effect on Cancer: ATG5 are targets of miR-181a. Inhibition of miR-181a expression led to attenuation of TNBC stemness and an increase in autophagy flux.

PMID: 35029026

RNA Name: WDFY3

Mechanism of Action: Scaffold/adaptor for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy); facilitates p62-dependent cargo degradation.

Effect on Cancer: Predict tumor recurrence and metastasis

PMID: 33614483

RNA Name: ULK1

Mechanism of Action: Initiator kinase of autophagy (ULK1-ATG13-FIP200-ATG101 complex). Pharmacologic activation triggers autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: ULK1 activation (LYN-1604) induces autophagy-associated cell death and suppresses TNBC growth in vitro and in vivo.

PMID: 28553505

RNA Name: ATP2A2

Mechanism of Action: SERCA2 inhibition perturbs ER Ca2+ homeostasis, activating CaMKK�AMPK�mTOR signaling and inducing excessive autophagy.

Effect on Cancer: Small-molecule RL71 targeting SERCA2 triggers autophagy-dependent cell death and suppresses tumor growth/metastasis in TNBC models.

PMID: 36561988

RNA Name: GABARAPL1

Mechanism of Action: ATG8 family protein associated with autophagic vesicles; regulates autophagic flux.

Effect on Cancer: Promotes TNBC proliferation and metastasis partly via MTDH; suggested as therapeutic target (cell and animal models).

PMID: 29088804